For a long time, Germany was seen as highly resistant to any successful right-wing movements on a national level, primarily due to their fascist past (Greven, 2016, p.3). The 'Alternative for Germany' (AfD) party was the first right-wing party, that gained significant electoral success on a federal level.
They are politically rooted in a heavy Euroscepticism, due to the allegedly failed European coping of the Financial Crisis. During the Immigration Crisis of 2015/16, their point of attention shifted towards xenophobic and anti-immigration positions (Decker, 2022). In 2017 the party entered the German parliament for the first time with a voter's share of 12.6%.
Before the rise of the 'Swedish Democratic' (SD) party, right wing movements had a very limited influence on the political landscape in Sweden. The party's history can be traced back to the 1988 with ties to neo-Nazis (Lee Thomson, 2020). However, in 2006, the party gained its first significant national electoral success with 2.9% share of the vote. In 2010, the party crossed the 4% threshold for the first time, and ever since their national voting share has increased.
Their core political stances are similar to the AfD based on xenophobic and anti-immigration attitudes. Mulinari and Neergaard (2014) describe the SD as a 'culturally racist party' (p.45). Their agenda is based on the belief, that the main reason for economic as well as social problems is immigration (Lee Thomson, 2020).